Maggid
(Fill 2nd cup)
Let's Discuss the Four Children, and the Role of Pedagogy in Our Seder. How does the role of education play into the discussion of the rabbis referenced during the Maggid section of the Haggadah?
The Haggadah doesn't tell the story of Passover in a linear fashion. We don't hear of Moses being found by the daughter of Pharaoh - actually, we don't hear much of Moses at all. Instead, we get an impressionistic collection of songs, images, and stories of both the Exodus from Egypt and from Passover celebrations through the centuries. Some say that minimizing the role of Moses keeps us focused on the miracles God performed for us. Others insist that we keep the focus on the role that every member of the community has in bringing about positive change.
Excerpt from Rabbi Jason Miller’s article in Huffington Post, “Making the Four Children Speak to Us on Passover”
...Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, defines seven types of intelligences. Some students, he explains, are more skilled with language, while others are more logical or spatially perceptive. Some learn by physically acting out new skills, and others are better listeners. Some learn better in groups, and others are more introspective. These are the multiple intelligences. It's no secret that we each learn best in different ways, but the million-dollar question is how teachers can best teach to all students, to all learning styles. This is the central objective of my rabbinate: to be a Jewish educator who can reach each student in the most optimal way for that student to best comprehend the content knowledge. And it is a challenging objective. As a student of Gardner, I understand that I cannot value any one of the intelligences over another -- and therein lays the challenge of meeting each student's needs as a learner.
The debates among educators today focusing on the best practices for teaching are not new to us. In fact, we see them come alive each year at the Pesach seder. The midrash of the arba'ah banim, the Four Children, presents four individuals who ask about the tradition in very different ways. The wise, the rebellious, the simple and the one who does not know how to ask. They are four very different learners who need to be addressed as individuals. And the Rabbis of the Mishnah, in their wisdom, understood this well. In Mishnah Pesachim, they prepare us for the seder by teaching u'lefi da'ato shel ben aviv melamdo -- that parents are meant to share their Jewish identity with each child "according to his or her intelligence," taking into account background, age, personality, attitude and learning style. Perhaps without possessing the language that Gardner introduced to us more than 20 years ago, the rabbis still understood the concept of multiple intelligences.
4 Questions
מַה נִשְׁתַּנָּה הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה מכָל־הַלֵּילוֹת.
שֶׁבְּכָל־הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין חָמֵץ וּמַצָּה.
הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה כֻּלּוֹ מַצָּה.
שֶׁבְּכָל־הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין שְׁאָר יְרָקוֹת.
הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה מָרוֹר׃
שֶׁבְּכָל־הַלֵּילוֹת אֵין אָנוּ מַטְבִּילִין אֲפִילוּ פַּעַם אֶחָת.
הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים׃
שֶׁבְּכָל־הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין בֵּין יוֹשְׁבִין וּבֵין מְסֻבִּין.
הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה כֻּלָּנוּ מְסֻבִּין׃
How different this night is from all other nights!
On all other nights, we eat
both leavened bread and matzah.
On this night, [we eat] only matzah.
On all other nights, we eat all kinds of herbs.
On this night, [we eat] bitter herbs.
On all other nights, we do not dip our food
even once.
On this night, we dip twice.
On all other nights, we eat either sitting or reclining.
On this night, we all recline